Spread Betting - What is it !

Financial Spread Betting Guide

More and more business papers and supplements are advertising spread betting as an exciting way to gamble on the stock market. But what is it all about and is it just the stock market that you can gamble on ?

McDowell and Co. Accountants, outline the background to this new craze:

 

 

What is Financial Spread Betting?

Financial Spread betting is one of the most exciting and fastest growing ways of speculating on the movement of an underlying share or index and for many investors it has become a flexible and cost efficient alternative to trading ordinary shares.

 

Advantages of Spread Betting

  • NO Stamp duty is payable (saving 0.5% compared to a traditional share purchase.
  • Tax Free Profits: Profits on spread betting are not subject to capital gains tax*
  • No direct commissions or fees are paid to the spread betting company
  • You can profit from falling or rising markets
  • They are traded on margin therefore bets can be placed with a relatively small initial outlay
  • A single account can give you Access to far greater range of financial markets.
  • You can limit your risk using a ‘Stop Loss’
  • The ability to place very small bets, some companies let you place a trade of as low as 1p per point.

* Tax Laws are subject to change.

 

Disadvantages

  • Some markets may be very volatile and unless you place a stop loss you could incur very large losses if your position moves against you
  • It is less suited to the long term investor, if you hold a bet open over a long period of time the costs associated increase and it may be more beneficial to have bought the underlying asset.
  • You have no rights as an investor, including no voting rights and you will not benefit from dividends.

 

What can I trade?

 

Because you are not actually buying or selling the actual underlying instrument. the range of instruments that you ‘bet’ on can be far greater than simply underlying shares.

You can bet on the spread bet of:

  1. Stock market indices such as the FTSE or NASDAQ
  2. Individual shares from the FTSE 100 and FTSE 250, but also from leading US and European shares
  3. Currencies, FX
  4. Commodities such as metals and oil
  5. Interest Rates both short term and long term
  6. Futures and options
  7. Bonds

 

How does a Spread Bet work?

 

A spread bet is a bet on the future movement of an underlying instrument. In basic terms if you believe the underlying instrument is going to rise you place a buy bet, if you believe the underlying instrument is going to fall you place a sell bet. Unlike ordinary share trading you can befit from falling as well as rising shares or other financial instruments.

A spread betting company will quote you two prices for any underlying instrument a Bid (the price that you can sell at) and a ‘offer’ just like you would for a normal equity (the price that you can buy at)the difference between these is known as the spread.

The movement of the underlying instrument is measured in points eg. For equities 1 point = 1 pence for indices usually 1 point = £1 and you can place a bet of any value against every point movement in the underlying i.e. £1 per point, £5 per point or £10 per point etc.

To close a bet you simply place an opposite bet on the specific instrument at the same £ per point. To close a buy bet you sell at the current quote and to close a sell bet you buy at the current quote.

Therefore the profit or loss that you make is the points difference between the opening bet and the closing bet multiplied by the value of your bet per point (i.e. £1 per point, £5 per point or £10 per point etc.)

The best way to understand how a spread bet works is to look at an example

 

» Ordinary Share Spread bet Example

» Index Spread bet Example

 

EXAMPLE: Ordinary Share Spread Bet

Vodafone is currently trading 130 – 130.5

 

Investor A believes that Vodafone is going to rise and places a buy bet at 130.5 for £10 a point.

Investor B has the opposite view and believes that Vodafone is going to fall and places a sell bet at 130 for £10 point.

 

Scenario 1

Vodafone rise to 135 – 135.5

 

Investor A’s prediction is correct Vodafone has risen and he closes his position with a sell bet at 135 and subsequently makes a £45 profit ( 4.5 points x £10)

Investor B decided to cut her losses and closes her position at 135 and makes a £50 loss (5 points x £10)

 

Scenario 2

Vodafone falls to 126 – 126.5

 

Investor A’s prediction is incorrect and he decides to close his position by placing a sell bet at 126 making a loss of £40 (4 points x £10)

Investor B’s position has move in her anticipated direction and she decides to close her position by placing a buy bet at 126.5 making a profit of £35 (3.5 points x £10)

 

EXAMPLE: Index Spread Bet

The theory of spread betting is exactly the same whatever instrument you wish to trade on, one of the most popular forms of financial spread betting is on world indicie such as the FTSE 100 or The Dow Jones :

 

The FTSE 100 is currently trading at 4367 and XYZ spread.com is quoting a spread of 4363 – 4370 on the Daily FTSE.

 

Investor A believes that the FTSE is going to rise and places a buy bet at 4370 for £5 per point

 

A week later the FTSE has risen and the daily FTSE spread is now 4400 – 4406

 

Investor A decides to place a sell bet at 4400 to close out their position, and they make a profit of £150 (30 points x £5)

Conversely, The FTSE falls and the current FTSE spread is now 4330 – 4336 and Investor A decides to close out his position by placing a sell bet at 4330 and makes a loss of £200 (40 points x £5)

 

 

Cost and Margin Requirements

 

How much does a spread bet cost?

When placing a spread bet the only costs involved are included within the spread, so effectively the wider the spread the more expensive it is to trade.

 

How much money do I need to place a bet or trade?

Spread betting is traded on margin, which means that you simply need to place a deposit when you open a trade of only a % of the positions total value.

 

If we compare a spread bet and an underlying share trade a Buy bet on Vodafone at 1.30 for £1 a point is the equivalent of buying 1000 shares at 1.30, if Vodafone rises to 135 bid you would make a profit on the shares of £50 (1000 shares x 5p) with a spread bet you would also have made £50 (5 points x £1).

 

However in order to buy the actual shares in the traditional manner you would have to pay the full value of £1300 before commission or stamp duty. With a spread bet there will be a deposit requirement based often called margin requirement or notional trading requirement on the value of the trade this will differ between different underlyings and different spread betting companies eg.

 

The margin requirement on Vodafone is 10% and the amount to pay initially is calculated as follows (£ per point x total number of points) x .10% i.e. £1 x 130 points = 1300 x .10 = £130

 

Therefore, to open a buy bet on Vodafone at 130p for £1 a point it would require an initial deposit of at least £130

 

Spread betting companies often offer two types of account a deposit account where you have to have enough money to cover the notional trading requirement on your account or a credit account where by you have a set level of credit against the notional trading requirement. However margin requirement per stock will be important as it will ascertain what size bet that you can open.

 

Margin Call

If a position moves against you, you may have to pay additional money over the initial deposit this is know as margin or margin call and will be made by the spread betting company if your open positions are running at a loss over and above the . It is therefore advisable that you do not open positions that require all your available funds as an initial deposit or you may be forced to close your position if you can not pay the required margin

 

 

Stop and Limit Orders

It is possible to set certain levels that if reached will automatically open or close a position .

 

Limit Order

A Limit order is one that is executed at a better price than the prevailing price, ie for a buy bet when the stock drops to a certain level or for a sell bet when the stock rises to a certain level.

Example: The FTSE spread is currently trading at 4400 – 4406Investor A wishes to place a £10 a point trade with a limit of 4390, therefore they do not wish the order to be opened unless the FTSE spread offer reaches 4390.This order is held by the spread betting company

Two days later the FTSE spread is 4384 – 4390 and an opening trade of £10 a point is opened at the limit level of 4390.

 

Stop orders

A stop order is one that is executed at a worse price than the prevailing market price one of the most common uses of this is a stop loss order. It is possible to make substantial profits when placing spread bets as well as substantial losses which is why many spread betting firms allow you to place a stop loss when you open a trade:

 

A stop loss is a price level set by the client on a particular trade that if reached automatically closes out the particular position at the desired price.

Example: Barclays is trading at 515 – 520Investor A and Investor B both believe that Barclays will rise and both place a buy bets at 520 for £10 a point. However, Investor B also places a stop loss when he opens the trade at 500. 

The following day Barclays drops steeply during the day trading down from 515 to 450.

 

Investor A has not been watching the price of Barclays all day and therefore when he checks the price at the end of the day it is now 450 – 455 and he is running a £700 loss (70 points x £10). Investor B has not been watching the market either however his position has been automatically closed out at his stop loss level of 500 limiting his loss to just £200 (20 points



Introducing a New Form RCT 1 for Principal and Subcontractors in the Construction, Meat Processing and Forestry Sectors

 

See link below.

http://www.revenue.ie/index.htm?/ebrief/ebrief12_08.htm



E Working Tip for the Self Employed

Make the most of all tax breaks out there especially ones which are easy to apply !

E working is where you Revenue allow you to pay someone €3.20 a day for working at home for your business.

 This could be your son or daughter doing valuable research for your business on the net in the comfort of their own room!

That adds up to €1,168 per annum and that €478 of a tax saving if your in the higher bracket.

Make sure your accountant knows about it for your next tax return.

Regards

Jason McDowell, McDowell & Co. Accountants.

 see this link if you need more information

http://www.revenue.ie/leaflets/it69.pdf

 



Tax tips for Farmers

1.  Employing family members.

 You can employ a son or daughter to work part time on your farm. They can earn €9,150 in 2008 without paying tax. This saves you, the farmer €3,751 in tax if you’re in the 41% bracket or €1,830 if you’re in the 20 % tax bracket. You need to register as an employer, have evidence of payments and pay reasonable rate for the work involved. A young person between 14 and 15 years of age can be employed for light work whereas those 15 – 16 can work up to 37.5 hours per week.

 

2.  Stock Relief

 2008 is the last year farmers can avail of such relief. It can be used where the value of your closing stock is higher than the opening stock.

Take a farmer whose cattle stock went from €15,000 in January 07 to €22,000 in Dec ’07.

The difference in €7,000 causes the profit to rise by €7,000.

Stock relief can be applied at 25% on this difference (€7,000 x 25% = €1,750). This €1,750 can be used to reduce the farm profit and therefore the resulting tax liability.

 

3.  Averaging Farming Profits.

 The IFA negotiated the introduction of this system to help farmers cash flow in times where profits where high.

To qualify, the farmer must be trading for at least 3 years. He must also stay in the averaging system for 3 years.

The way it works is best explained with an example:

Profit year ended 31/12/07       €55,000

Profit year ended 31/12/06                   €36,000

Profit year ended 31/12/05                   €29,000

 

Total profit for the 3 years = €120,000

The average for the 3 years is €40,000.

 

The taxable profit for 2007 can be set at €40,000 which helps the farmer’s cash flow considerably.

Tax benefits will arise where profits are increasing but these benefits will be clawed back when profits are falling.

  

4.  Young Trained Farmer Stock Relief

 This is available to young qualifying farmers for the tax year in which the individual begins farming, and then for the next 3 tax years.

 

The relief is similar to that outlined in 2 above on stock relief except the young farmer can get 100% relief or €7,000 if you were to use the figures above.

 

Certain conditions as set by the dept of agriculture must be met to qualify.

 

5.  Land Leasing Incentives.

 Intense lobbying from the IFA has resulted in vastly improved incentives for farmers who no longer have the time/resources to farm their land can rent it out and receive big tax breaks. Here is a quick overview:

Landowners who lease out their land for a period of 10 years or more qualify for an income tax exemption of €20,000 per annum.

Leases of 5-7 years get €12,000 exempt and 7-10 years get €15,000.There is also Capital Gains Tax retirement relief provided certain conditions are met.

  

6.  Limited company versus Sole Trader – income tax.

 This is quite a complex area but a brief view of both options is as follows.

The rate of tax on trading profits is 12.5% for limited companies and you could pay tax up to 46% as a sole trader (higher rate including levies).

 

However, monies left in the company and not distributed (investment income), are taxed at 25% and after 18 months get a surcharge giving rise to a total tax rate within the company of 40%.

 

An article comparing both in greater detail will follow in this series.

  

7.  Forestry.

 Income made from forestry by individuals or companies are exempt from income tax.

Also, grant assistance for the establishment, management and re construction of woodlands is exempt from income taxes as is the premium.

However, income from commercial woodlands is reckoned for the purposes of PRSI.

 

NB The finance act 2003 provides from 1 Jan 2004 all profits or gains from items which are exempt from income tax must be included a tax return.

 

8.  Capital Allowances on Motor Cars.

 The new measures brought in this July to improve the carbon footprint of all of us, don’t just effect how much we pay for our cars and the road tax on them.

Depending on the category they fall into, a farmer buying a new car for his business may or may not be able to write off its full value.

Example 1.

Joe buys a new car for his farming business on 1st September 2008 at a cost of €22,500. It is a category B car. He is allowed write off €24,000 as this is the rate set for any category A B and C car regardless of its new cost.

Example 2

Mary buys a new car for her farming business on 1st September 2008 at a cost of €28,500. It is a category D car. She is only allowed write off €12,000 as this is the rate set for any category D car regardless of its new cost.

Cars falling into category F and G have zero allowances available.

 

9.  Available investment grants

 Don’t forget about the various grants available to farmers, aimed at improving farming techniques and ultimately making their business more profitable and self sufficient.

 

These include the 2006 Farm waste management scheme (finishing Dec 08) and the 2007 Farm improvement Scheme which re opened this year.

Contact the IFA for further investment grants which may become available.

  

10.       Please see the previous articles in this series to find out about other measures which could reduce your tax liability now and in the future.

 

 

Jason McDowell C.M.A from McDowell & Co. can be contacted at 071 98 56778 and welcomes other questions to by email at jason@mcdowellandcom.com

Or by post to McDowell & Co, Market Square, Main St. Manorhamilton. Co Leitrim

 

 



Arts Funding Deadlines

CLOSING DATES FOR 2008 ARTS COUNCIL AWARDS AND SCHEMES
Small Festivals Scheme: 19 September
Commissions Award: 11 September
Travel & Training Award: Ongoing
Deis: Ongoing
For more information on guidelines and application forms see: www.artscouncil.ie

 

Small Festivals Scheme 2009

Round One of the scheme is available to festivals taking place on or before the 30 June 2009. Closing date for receipt of applications for Round One is Friday 19 September 2008. If applicants are organising a series of events (e.g. concert series) taking place over the course of the year, i.e. continuing beyond 30 June, they should apply under Round One. Festivals and Events taking place in the second half of 2009, i.e. after 1 July 2009, should apply under Round Two of the scheme. The closing date for Round Two is to be confirmed (early to mid February – tentative date). The application form and guidance notes for this scheme is available online at http://applications.artscouncil.ie/smallfestivals or you can request a hard copy form by calling Regina O’Shea with full postal details on telephone +353 1 618 0260 or by email to smallfestivals@artscouncil.ie. First time applicants to the scheme are advised to contact Úna McCarthy, Head of Festivals and Events, prior to submitting an application; telephone +353 1 6180272 or by email to firsttime@artscouncil.ie.

 

Commissions Award 2008

The primary purpose of this award is to facilitate creative partnerships between a diverse range of commissioners and artists that result in new work or repertoire renewal. These partnerships should lead to a public performance, a publication, an exhibition or another form of dissemination of the commissioned work in Ireland or abroad. In theatre the commission might lead to the completion of a script but not necessarily a full production.

 

arts council of northern ireland ­- funding deadlines
A number of funding awards offered by the Arts Council of Northern Ireland for the remainder of 2008 and 2009 have been announced, including Individual Arts Awards, Project Funding and the Public Art Programme. Please note however that all applications should fit within the objectives stated in the Arts Council of Northern Ireland’s five year plan and within its artform policies. For information on eligibility, full details of awards schemes and deadlines visit: www.artscouncil-ni.org/subpages/funding.

COMMUNITY FOUNDATION FOR IRELAND SMALL GRANTS SCHEME

Deadlines - 29 August, 31 October 2008

Many community or voluntary groups qualify for grant support, including those providing support for carers, social networks, local respite initiatives, networks and structures for sexual and ethnic minorities, initiatives involving parents and children at risk of exclusion. Information is at www.communityfoundation.ie contact hbeatty@foundation.ie, or (01) 874 7354.

CALOUSTE GULBENKIAN FOUNDATION ‘ARTS IN PUBLIC SPACES’

Deadline 10 October (November meeting)

The Foundation has a number of programmes, including this one, now in its final year, which tends to support professional artists and arts organisations at an early stage of development and will prioritise those in rural areas to involve and inspire people living locally. For details, check online at http://www.gulbenkian.org.uk.

 

European Cultural Foundation Grants
The European Cultural Foundation provides grants for artists and performers to collaborate and network with other young Europeans. There are no application deadlines but applications to the STEP beyond travel fund should be submitted at least eight weeks before the date of travel. Applications can be made at any time. For more information, visit www.eurocult.org/we-support-cultural-cooperation/programmes/mobility/apply-step-beyond.

 

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FUNDING INITIATIVE
The purpose of this funding initiative is to support and enable disadvantaged communities and groups to participate in local primary care teams and networks.
This funding is open to community development/anti poverty groups who have a focus on health. Closing date for applications is 15 September 2008. Please see the following link for more details
: http://www.activelink.ie/ce/active.php?id=3463.

 

 

FINANCIAL SUPPORTS FOR COMMUNITY AND VOLUNTARY GROUPS 2008

Pobal on behalf of The Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs is now inviting applications from Community and Voluntary organisations for funding under two Programmes of Grants for Community and Voluntary Organisations. Programme One offers two schemes of once-off grants: (a) Scheme of Refurbishment Grants and
(b) Scheme of Equipment Grants. Programme Two is a scheme of Training Grants. For more information see:
http://www.activelink.ie/ce/active.php?id=1964



Playing the Stock Market…..On line!

Having failed miserably in The Cheltenham Gold Cup, The Grand National and picking the obvious winner of the Open Championship (sorry Padraig), I have never been much of a gambler. However, when it comes to the Stock Market I have for a long time now fancied sticking a few bob on a mix of shares and watching their share price rocket ! With on line gambling becoming more accessible, banks and brokers are giving customers to option to take such a flutter on line.

Here is the links to look into this in more detail

http://www.rabodirect.ie/investments/default.aspx

https://www.davydirect.ie/

https://online.goodbody.ie/ 

 



Minister Curran announces almost €300,000 for community and voluntary organisations

Press Release                                                                                     17 July 2008

Embargo: Thursday 17/7/08

 

Minister Curran announces almost €300,000 for community and voluntary organisations

 

Mr John Curran T.D., Minister of State (with special responsibility for Community Affairs and the National Drugs Strategy) at the Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs, is pleased to announce further funding of €295,000 for 9 community and voluntary organisations across the country. The organisations funded are involved in a range of activities, which address disadvantage in their communities.

 

The funding is awarded through the Programme of Grants for Locally-Based Community and Voluntary Organisations, which provided support through once-off grants for the provision of equipment and the refurbishment of premises.

 

Two new and improved Programmes have recently been launched, the first of which will continue to provide funding to local community and voluntary groups for the provision of equipment and the refurbishment of premises. The second Programme will provide funding to both local and national groups towards training costs. Applications for funding under both programmes are now being accepted.

 

Announcing this round of funding Minister Curran said:

 

“I am delighted to announce this funding today which I have no doubt will bring exciting results as it is put to good use in communities across Ireland. Since this particular Programme was launched funding in the region of €9 million has been approved, which is a very significant investment by the Government directly into local communities and I believe all sectors of our society will benefit as a result from this investment.  I wish also to express my gratitude to the community workers and volunteers throughout the country for their active involvement in bringing the benefits of this Programme to their communities.”

 

A full list of beneficiaries is available on the Department’s website at www.pobail.ie.

 

 

Issued by the Press & Information Office of the Dept. of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs

Tel:  01 647 3130 Fax: 01 667 0826  Ruairí Mac Unfraidh 087 795 6378

Email: eolas@pobail.ie Website: www.pobail.ie

 



Payroll Service - take the hassle out of paying your employees !

Just to let you know, we now provide a full payroll service to organisations of all sizes.

- We cater for unlimited number of employees.

- They can be hourly, weekly, monthly etc.

- We fulfill all Revenue requirements (Payslips, P60’s P45’s P35’s, P30’s).

- Easy analysis by department if required.

Just drop us a line for further details and we can provide you with a very competitive quote.

Jason McDowell

McDowell & Co

Accountants

 



July Tax Reminders

McDowell and Co Accountants, Main St Manorhamilton Co Leitrim, would like to remind you of the following key dates in JULY 2008 :

Date

14th         PAYE/PRSI deductions for June to be paid.

                VAT – filing of intrastate reports for June.

19th         Payment of May-June VAT and file VAT3.

21st         Companies with year ending 31/08/2008 – prelim tax due.

                Companies y/e 31/10/07 pay balance of Corporation tax due and file CT return.

 

                               

 



Changes to the Revenue on Line Service (ROS).

Revenue On-Line Service

An upgraded version of the ROS Offline facility (Version 6.3) is available to download. To do this, select Download followed by Refresh and then select Upgrade beside ROS Offline Launcher.

2008 Form CT 1
The Form CT1 for account periods ending in 2008 is now available for filing through ROS.

Form 1 (Trust & Estates)
The Form 1(Trust & Estates) is available for filing through ROS

Tax Clearance
A facility is available for ROS Business Customers and Agents to check if a Tax Clearance Certificate has issued. On the customers My Services page and on the agents Clients Services page, a Tax Clearance marker is displayed at the bottom right hand corner. If a Tax Clearance Certificate has issued, details of the issued and expiry dates will be displayed. If no Tax Clearance Certificate has been issued this will be stated.

P60
A P60 template for 2008 onwards is available on the ROS online and offline application. This removes the need for customers to obtain Revenue stationery to print P60s.

P45
Customers can now print up to 10 copies of P45 (1) (contained in a batch) from the ROS Inbox at the same time. A checkbox has been added to the ROS Inbox to allow customers choose the P45s to be printed. A search facility is available which allows customers to search the batch Inbox for a specific PPS number and display this P45 (1).

In response to feedback received, we will increase the printing limit to 50. A further e-Brief will issue when this development is available.

DIRT
The annual DIRT return has been updated to allow the number of exempt accounts to be entered.

Vehicle Registration Tax (VRT)
ROS had been updated to take account of the changeover from engine CC to CO2 emissions-based calculations from 1 July, 2008.